The classic features of fetal hydantoin syndrome include craniofacial anomalies, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiencies, underdeveloped nails of the fingers and toes, and mental retardation. The range and severity of associated abnormalities will. An additional 30% of children who are exposed during embryonic development show lesser degrees of alteration. Some of the principal syndromes of this disorder include microcephaly or developing an unusually small head, brain malfunctions, developmental delays, growth deficiencies. Clinical presentation cns anomalies microcephaly i. The fetal hydantoin syndrome refers to a spectrum of features that can develop in a small proportion 10% 5 of women taking the antiepileptic drug phenytoin dilantintm during pregnancy. A case of prenatal diagnosis of fetal hydantoin syndrome by ultrasound. A case of prenatal diagnosis of fetal hydantoin syndrome. The distinctive cutaneous features of the fetal hydan toin syndrome may bring the disorder to the attention of the. Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a rare medical condition in which a developing fetus is exposed to a seizure medication known as phenytoin. The trip database provides clinical publications about.
Know the causes, symptoms, treatment and diagnosis of fetal hydantoin syndrome. Organ damage, especially involving the circulatory and digestive systems, may be present in more severe cases of. Prenatal prediction of risk of the fetal hydantoin. Fetal hydantoin syndrome involves microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails, hypoplastic distal phalanges, cardiac defects, iugr and intellectual disability. A case of prenatal diagnosis of fetal hydantoin syndrome by ultrasound thomaz rafael gollop and ivan salzo abstract fetal hydantoin syndrome fhs is a set of disruptions occasionally present in fetuses exposed in utero to phenytoin or other anticonvulsants. Not all infants exposed to phenytoin will be affected with the disorder. Ideal sources for wikipedia s health content are defined in the guideline wikipedia. Abstract in a prospective study of 19 pregnancies monitored by amniocentesis at the center for human genetics and the meyer rehabilitation institute, university of nebraska, omaha, an adverse outcome was predicted for four fetuses on the basis of low epoxide hydrolase activity 30% of standard. Fetal hydantoin syndrome the journal of pediatrics. As the seizure frequency decreased, the percentage of fetuses exhibiting abnormalities associated with the mouse fetal hydantoin syndrome increased from 0 to 77. Dilantin is the name of phenytoin sodium in the united states that is used in the treatment of epilepsy. Dilantin, phenytoin and a few other similar anticonvulsants are also included. Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a characteristic pattern of mental and physical birth defects that results from maternal use of the antiseizure anticonvulsant drug. Fetal hydantoin syndrome pictures, symptoms, causes, treatment, prevention.
There is a wide range in the nature and severity of characteristics associated with fetal hydantoin syndrome. Prenatal prediction of risk of the fetal hydantoin syndrome. Fetal hydantoin syndrome nord national organization for rare. The fetal hydantoin syndrome, a recurrent pattern of minor anomalies that occurs in about 10% of infants born to epileptic women treated with phenytoin during. Dilantin is the brand name of the drug phenytoin sodium in the united states, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy it may also be called congenital hydantoin syndrome, fetal hydantoin syndrome, dilantin embryopathy, or. When embryo or unborn fetus expose to phenytoin, an anticonvulsant agent. Pdf a term baby born to an epileptic mother who was treated with phenytoin until 10weeks of pregnancy was born with multiple congenital. The abnormalities found in children with fetal hydantoin syndrome.
Fetal hydantoin syndrome or fetal dilantin syndrome is a rare disease that is caused when a fetus is exposed to phenytoin, an anticonvulsant drug in the form of dilantin. Laboratory of cancer genetics and cytogenetics, memorial sloankettering cancer center, new york, n. Effects due to maternal exposure to hydantoin anticonvulsant. Symptoms in affected individuals may include abnormalities of the skull and facial features, growth deficiencies, underdeveloped nails of the fingers and toes, andor mild developmental delays.
Fetal hydantoin syndrome is by far the bestcharacterized malformation complexes induced by anticonvulsant drugs used to treat maternal epilepsy. As in previous studies with the mouse syndrome, the increase in malformations was associated. The distinctive cutaneous features of the fetal hydantoin syndrome may bring the disorder to the attention of the dermatologist. Fetal hydantoin syndrome phenytoin embryofetopathy. Fetal hydantoin syndrome symptoms,causes,treatment and. Of infants born to women who used phenytoin during pregnancy, 1030% are reported to show some of the characteristics associated with this syndrome.
Fetal hydantoin syndrome is also known as fetal dilantin syndrome which refers to the combination of defects that is caused to the development of the fetus, which is due to the side effects of phenytoin pht which is an antiseizure medication, the medicine helps in prevention of tonicclonic seizures. We evaluated a 4dayold infant boy referred for re spiratory distress and suspected congenital heart disease. Fetal hydantoin syndrome genetic and rare diseases. Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a rare disorder that is believed to be caused by exposure of a fetus to the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin.
Fetal hydantoin syndrome describes a collection of defects which may include craniofacial defects like cleft lip and cleft palate, microcephaly defect of the skull. Handbook of genetic counselingfetal hydantoin syndrome. Fetal hydantoin syndrome symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment information for fetal hydantoin syndrome fetal hydantoin syndrome with alternative diagnoses, fulltext book chapters, misdiagnosis, research treatments, prevention, and prognosis. Hypoplastic left heart has previously been reported in only three other cases of. Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a rare disorder which may be associated with an infants exposure to the anticonvulsant drug, phenytoin dilantin. Fetal hydantoin syndrome and its anaesthetic implications. A teratogenic disorder observed in a newborn or child of a mother who was exposed to phenytoin during pregnancy. Fetal hydantoin syndrome definition of fetal hydantoin. The risk that an infant exposed to hydantoin in utero will have the clinical phenotype of the fullblown fetal hydantoin syndrome is approximately 5 to 10 percent, whereas the risk of an infants. Fetal hydantoin syndrome definition nci a teratogenic disorder observed in a newborn or child of a mother who was exposed to phenytoin during pregnancy. Eric ej124257 the fetal hydantoin syndrome, journal of. Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a disorder that is caused by exposure of a fetus.
Fetal hydantoin syndrome jama dermatology jama network. Fetal hydantoin syndrome nord national organization for. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome in a patient with fetal hydantoin. Symptoms often include physical abnormalities, developmental delays, and slowed growth patterns. Symptoms, risk factors and treatments of fetal hydantoin syndrome medical condition fetal hydantoin syndrome, also called fetal dilantin syndrome is a group of. Sibs exposed to similar amount have been affected to different degrees.
Fetal hydantoin syndrome an overview sciencedirect topics. The range and severity of associated abnormalities will vary greatly from one infant to another. Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a disorder that is caused by exposure of a fetus to phenytoin, a drug commonly prescribed for epilepsy. This page includes the following topics and synonyms. Fetal hydantoin syndrome medical condition youtube. Fetal hydantoin syndrome genetic and rare diseases information. Case report a 23yearold adopted man presented with a 15year history of increasing right hip pain. Classical indica tors of fhs were classified by hanson 1986 into three distinct sets. Fetal hydantoin syndrome consumer justice foundation. Fetal hydantoin syndrome mnemonic this is a short post on fetal hydantoin syndrome. This case report presents an 8yearold child born to an epileptic mother with a history of aed therapy, with features suggestive of fhs. Statistics of fetal hydantoin syndrome map check how this condition affects the daily life of people who suffer it. Fetal hydantoin syndrome, also called fetal dilantin syndrome is a group of defects caused to the developing fetus by exposure to teratogenic effects of phenytoin. Congenital heart disease is seen less frequently with fetal hydantoin syndrome 3.
Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a characteristic pattern of mental and physical birth defects that results from maternal use of the antiseizure anticonvulsant drug phenytoin dilantin during pregnancy. Manifestations include dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic distal phalanges and nails, growth delay and delayed psychomotor development. Fetal hydantoin syndrome radiology reference article. Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a drugrelated embryofetopathy that can occur when an embryofetus is exposed to the anticonvulsant drug. The increased incidence of fetal malformation after gestational exposure to hydantoin has been reported in pediatric, 1 obstetric, 1 and general medical 3 journals but not previously, to my knowledge, in the dermatologic literature.
Fetal hydantoin syndrome is the defect seen in growing fetus when it is exposed to teratogenic effects of phenytoin or carbamazepine during pregnancy. Fetal hydantoin syndrome pictures, symptoms, causes. A clinical diagnosis of fetal hydantoin syndrome secondary to in utero phenytoin exposure was considered. Fetal hydantoin syndrome fhs is a spectrum of defects caused to the developing fetus by exposure to the teratogenic effects of antiepileptic.
Drug is thought to deplete already low levels of fetal vitamin k therefore suppressing the vitamin kdependent coagulation factors ii, vii, ix, and x. Prenatal prediction of risk of the fetal hydantoin syndrome article pdf available in new england journal of medicine 32222. Summary fetal hydantoin syndrome is a characteristic pattern of mental and physical birth defects that results from maternal use of the antiseizure anticonvulsant drug phenytoin dilantin during pregnancy. Fetal hydantoin syndrome robert nagy, md the increased incidence of fetal malformation after gestational exposure to hydantoin has been reported in pediatric,1 obstetric,1 and general medical3 journals but not previously, to my knowledge, in the dermatologic litera ture. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6767 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. The fetal hydantoin syndrome, a recurrent pattern of minor anomalies that occurs in about 10% of infants born to epileptic women treated with phenytoin during pregnancy, has been recognized for more than 35 years 233. Orthopedics the association of congenital anomalies with maternal use of anticonvulsant medicine is welldocumented and has been referred to as fetal hydantoin syndrome. Pdf fetal hydantoin syndrome fhs is a spectrum of defects caused to the developing fetus by exposure to the teratogenic effects of.
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